Efficient embedded architectures for fast-charge model predictive controller for battery cell management in electric vehicles

EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems

Table 1 Software algorithm for fast-charge MPC

Stage	MPC software algorithm
1.	1.1. Get temperature 1.2. Call parameter function 1.3. Calculate Φ and G matrices 1.4. Create G_nf and G_ff (nf = near future and ff = far future) dual mode data) 1.5. Calculate E 1.6. Calculate P (matrix for Hildreth QP) 1.7. Build M (constraints vector) 1.8. Start loop – compare x_m[0] (SOC) to reference to see if fully charged. If not fully charged, continue, else exit
2.	2.1. Calculate F 2.2. Solve -FE^-1 (optimal unconstrained Δu from J) 2.3. Build γ (constraints vector) 2.4. Compare: M∆u ≤ γ
3.	3.1. False – call Hildreth QP, develop new Δu that meets constraints 3.2. True Goto Stage 4 (4.1)
4.	4.1. Calculate the next control signal, next states, and outputs 4.2. Goto Start Loop (1.8)